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3.4
Grammar
Nouns and articles
Look and think
Look: , , , , . What changes before the noun?
Every Spanish noun is masculine or feminine — even things: , . Most nouns ending in -o are masculine and most ending in -a are feminine. Learn the article with each new word.
Some common exceptions: , , are masculine; , are feminine. Nouns ending in -e or a consonant can be either: , , , .
Plural: add -s after a vowel (), -es after a consonant (, ). A masculine plural can mean a mixed group: = my parents, = my brothers and sisters.
| the | a / some | |
|---|---|---|
| masculine singular | el hermano | un hermano |
| feminine singular | la hermana | una hermana |
| masculine plural | los hermanos | unos hermanos |
| feminine plural | las hermanas | unas hermanas |
Examples
El perro se llama Max.
The dog is called Max.Tengo una hermana y dos hermanos.
I have one sister and two brothers.Los abuelos de Marta son gallegos.
Marta's grandparents are Galician.
Possessives and tener
Look and think
Marta says but ; Daniel asks about . When do you add -s?
Possessives go before the noun and agree in number with the thing owned, not with the owner: , . and also agree in gender: .
/ can mean his, her, its, their and your (usted / ustedes): = Pedro and his daughter.
Tener (to have) is irregular. Use it for family and for age:
| singular noun | plural noun | |
|---|---|---|
| my | mi | mis |
| your (tú) | tu | tus |
| his / her / your (usted) | su | sus |
| our | nuestro / nuestra | nuestros / nuestras |
| your (vosotros) | vuestro / vuestra | vuestros / vuestras |
| their / your (ustedes) | su | sus |
| tener | |
|---|---|
| yo | tengo |
| tú | tienes |
| él / ella / usted | tiene |
| nosotros / nosotras | tenemos |
| vosotros / vosotras | tenéis |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | tienen |
Examples
Mis abuelos tienen ochenta años.
My grandparents are eighty.¿Tienes hermanos?
Do you have any brothers or sisters?Nuestra profesora es de Salamanca.
Our teacher is from Salamanca.